Bob Marley documentary let down by its eurocentrism
- April 29th, 2012
- Posted in Random
- By agentofchange
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I went to see ‘Marley’, the new and highly-publicised documentary about Robert Nesta Marley, at the Rio cinema in the heart of gentrified Dalston. While I enjoyed my green tea and organic chocolate bar (definitely a step up from pepsi and popcorn!), I found that being surrounded by trendy middle-class types only added to my sense of fear that the film was going to be annoyingly eurocentric and patronising.
But let’s start with the good parts. Doing justice to the legacy of Bob Marley in the space of two hours and 24 minutes is an impossible task. All things considered, the people behind the film did a pretty decent job. The archive and interview footage is nothing short of incredible. The production team must have gone to extraordinary lengths to get the level of access they got. The interviews with Rita Marley, Bunny Wailer, Lee Scratch Perry, Danny Sims and other important figures in Bob’s life are brilliant, and do a lot to explain how this giant of a man came to be who he was. For any fan of Bob Marley, the film is worth watching for the footage alone.
Unfortunately, the film is let down (as I knew it would be) by its eurocentric perspective. Let’s face it, the first feature-length documentary on Bob Marley should have been directed by somebody else. Kevin Macdonald is perfectly competent as a film director, but he is a western white liberal. The story of Bob Marley is the story of black suffering and strength inna Babylon; the story a great revolutionary activist; the story of a people stripped of their freedom, languages, religions and traditions, building a voice and a collective identity. In short, it is not a story that Kevin Macdonald is qualified to tell.
Bob was Africa-oriented. He considered that Africa represented the future for his people. And yet Africa is presented in the film as a continent of dictators and basketcase governments. The film gets a cheap laugh when Marley’s first visit to Africa – to give a concert in Gabon – is somewhat marred when the band realise that Gabon is “a dictatorship”. We see a picture of Gabon’s then president, Omar Bongo Ondimba, wearing a suit and looking slightly severe. Our collective prejudice requires no further information to confirm that this rarely-mentioned West African nation is yet another hopeless failure, its natural wealth squandered by incompetent, malevolent kleptocrats. This shallow treatment serves to strengthen the near-universal colonial prejudice that African people are not capable of governing themselves. No mention of the devastating impact of French colonialism; no mention of the oppressive neocolonial relations that sustain such a “dictatorship”. It all comes down to: Europeans are civilised; Africans are barbarians. It’s the narrative of the White Man’s Burden.
One of the most poignant moments of Bob Marley’s career was his performance at the Zimbabwe Independence celebrations in 1980, to which he was invited on the strength of his beautiful song, Zimbabwe, which became an anthem of the liberation movement (“Every man got the right to decide his own destiny / And in this judgement there is no partiality / So arm in arms, with arms, we’ll fight this little struggle / Cos that’s the only way we can overcome our little trouble.”). Covering this event, Macdonald can’t help but take a pop at the leader of Zimbabwe’s hard-fought liberation struggle, Robert Gabriel Mugabe. There are long, drawn-out shots of posters showing Mugabe’s face, the obvious subtext being: Zimbabwe is a crazy African dictatorship, because only in a crazy African dictatorship would you find pictures of the Prime Minister on a poster. Apparently it is too far a stretch of the imagination to think that people would ever willingly display affection and respect for a man who personified their decades-long fight against apartheid and white supremacy.
Mugabe is considered by millions of Africans as one of the great heroes of the African cause, but that didn’t stop the trendy liberals of Dalston from booing at the footage of him making a speech. Tellingly, they were quiet just a few seconds earlier during the footage of Ian Smith – the apartheid fascist Prime Minister of ‘Rhodesia’ – making a speech saying that black majority rule would not be allowed “even in a thousand years”. Bob Marley must be turning in his grave.
Incidentally, London now has a statue of well-known state terrorist Ronald Reagan. That’s the type of hero-worship us civilised westerners prefer.
Perhaps unsurprisingly – given that he is one of the film’s producers – Island Records founder Chris Blackwell is positively portrayed in the film. He is shown as being very sensible and wise; the voice of reason. When one of Bob’s former band members claims that the doctors wanted to amputate Bob’s leg in order to treat the melanoma that had developed in his foot, Blackwell sets straight this slightly outlandish claim (the doctors only wanted to amputate a toe). The comedic timing of this scene confirms Blackwell’s role as the wise old white man. We hear about Blackwell the visionary businessman who knew just the right polish to add to the Wailers’ sound to make it acceptable to audiences in Europe. Very little is made of the fact that Blackwell used his colour and class privilege to build a fantastically lucrative career off the back of black culture. Blackwell’s sponsoring of the Wailers’ first album is seen as an act of great benevolence, but the film-makers choose not to explore the fact that Blackwell only had the money in the first place because he comes from a wealthy white family that profited from slave labour. Perhaps such difficult sociological issues will be addressed in the sequel?!
I also feel the portrayal of black Jamaicans in the film is somewhat one-sided and patronising. A few of the interviews don’t go past the level of showing ‘cool’, ‘colourful’, charismatic people who smoke a lot of high-grade ganja. I don’t think it’s done intentionally, but a middle-class white western audience is left with its prejudices intact. A different film-maker might have taken the perfect opportunity to highlight the deep understanding and experience of black Jamaicans and, in so doing, shatter some prejudices.
When you show certain images and footage without giving proper historical context, it strengthens prejudice. We see the leading politicians of the time, Michael Manley and Edward Seaga, both of whom are (basically) white. Then we see the black ‘enforcers’ using extreme violence against each other. No mention of the real issues within Jamaican politics. No mention of interesting facts like how the CIA trained and armed the JLP gangs. So our existing prejudices (that white people are ‘thinkers’ and black people are inherently violent) are confirmed. This sums up my overwhelming feeling about the film: that it serves to reinforce rather than challenge prejudice.
Overall I feel the film represents a missed opportunity and fails to present Bob as the deeply revolutionary figure that he was. I hope some time soon a solidly afrocentric director and producer will step forward and tell this particular story from a different perspective – for the enjoyment and inspiration of the downpressed masses of the world, rather than western university students. In the meantime, go see the film in spite of its faults – the footage makes it a very worthwhile experience.
Some good points. I also hated the way they concentrated on how he was teased/marginalised in his community for being light-skinned, but made no mention of how having light skin aids people in post-colonial Jamaica
They also went into almost no detail about the content of his song lyrics – which is effectively what makes him so popular with black people across the world. The documentary touched upon slavery, colonialism, violence and poverty, but was unwilling to link it to Marley’s songs, and how he didn’t just raise awareness, but preached revolutionary change
I agree. its bullshit. Eurocentric bullshit. I am surprised that Ziggy chose this white guy to make the film. Its a f**king disgrace. Believe I have every Bob Marley book ever written, every album and all the interviews, all his demos and the like….this is a messed up doumentart. BLACK PEOPLE WE HAVE TO TELL OUR OWN STORY.
I am so glad you wrote this article for a moment I thought maybe I am just looking to deep. His family need to get off this interacial bullshit (I am not for white or black but God- oh really listen to the albums) and stop putting Cindy Brakespeare up as the woman who stole his heart. He had four other women when he was with her – living in London (for 6months). For three years she blanked this man and saw him as a no good scruffy dread. But as soon as he got money the story changed. That is why he wrote the song ‘Pimper’s Paradise’ after there six mnonth relationship ended.
And then when he left London after six months he went back to Jamaica to live with Rita and his kids, whilst continuing his relationship with the African sister from Gabon. He also had another child. So this claim in the documentary that he was saved by some white woman is a God damn lie – and perpetuates the steretype that Black men prefer white woman. And dont get me wrong. Bob was at fault as an African revoluntionary for entertaining he relationship with a white woman – and that is why he got nuff nuff stick from the rasta’s for it. Malcom X, Mauhammed ALi, Selassie and Marcus Mosiah Garvey – set strong examples of Black on Black love.
These rarse liberal white producers are always trying to put their story into the Black story, sicken my bloodclot man!!!! Yes long overdue an African centered Black producer must write their own story and a good place to start is the book ‘The LYRICAL GENUIS OF BOB MARLEY’ by Kwame Dawes – amazing.
Thanks again for your article.
I wholeheartedly agree with your comments and the review of the film. I recently watched it on Netflix, and while I enjoyed some of the interviews, I too felt once again disappointed by the white mainstream’s attempt to portray Bob as this colorblind hippie. It makes me wonder if any of these people have listened to songs beyond legend or ever watched or read many of his interviews. He was very Afrocentric, revolutionary and liberation minded. Yet, folks try to dismiss this as they quote One Love.
Ziggy is not married to a black woman, so I would not expect more from him.
I, too, am sick of the portrayal of Cindy Breakspeare as Bob’s great love. I always saw her as an opportunist who was just one of many. However, though she is white appearing, I thought she was mixed race with a black Jamaican father and a white Canadian mother.
Anyway, like the reviewer, I hope that one day someone with a deeper understanding of Bob’s music and message connects the dots and tells his story the right way. I mean, this is the man who said in a 1979 TV interview that the white man was useless without the black man because the black man is the root. He said the white man was gifted with technology but that the black man was gifted with knowledge, wisdom and understanding. He also said in 1980 that the best satisfaction the white man could give to the black man would be to fight for his rights. He understood the system, racism, and its effect on the black man. He spoke and sang about it like no one else with status in history. Tell that story.
This article should be splashed all over the pages of every newspaper in the world. Thank you for this analysis and the dead on truth you’ve shared. Bro. Ernie Author of WHO SHOT YA?
I saw the film and enjoyed it just like any other video or story of Bob’s life and music. I agree with this article based on the story and information, job well done. But knowing the power of perspective I must also say they fail to tell it like it is. Though I enjoyed the film I must admit I felt a sense of dissatisfaction but couldn’t figure out at the time what was missing. This article helped me to understand what is missing, thank you!
Thank you for posting this well-written, informative article which I have come across by chance. Luckily, when watching the film on it’s day of release, I wasn’t in hipster central, but surrounded by a warm, diverse group of people in Brixton. And while I agree with many of your points, I also have some issues. I did pause with surprise for a second when learning who the director was, and thought that maybe it should have been directed by someone else, but this was until I watched the film. Ziggy himself has been quoted saying, “Being Bob’s eldest son, I never read a book or anything that anyone did on Bob, because I was like, ‘Who are these people?’ I reached a point where I said, to represent my father properly, I need to be involved in a definitive thing.” If he himself believes this film is “that definitive thing” then who are we to question or be offended? Maybe Kevin MacDonald is not qualified to tell a story of black suffering and strength, as you put it, but I’m pretty sure Bob told that story by himself. And maybe the film is the “narrative of the White Man’s Burden” as you also put it, but would mentioning the devastating impact of French colonialism on Gabon or Mugabe’s fight against apartheid be relevant in an inspirational story about Bob Marley’s life? Unfortunately where you were, the trendy liberals of Dalston ignorantly booed at Mugabe’s speech, but I feel your article assumes that everyone who is watching is just as ignorant. I agree with you that showing footage of dictators without historical context and portrayals of Black ‘enforcers’ as extremely violent may reinforce prejudices of certain viewers, but I question whether similar footage put together by a Black director would be exempt from this. I am very interested in and critical of media portrayals of various ethnic groups and these are issues which must be looked at, but I don’t think that the Marley documentary was the place to do this. To quote your conclusion, “Overall I feel the film represents a missed opportunity and fails to present Bob as the deeply revolutionary figure that he was.” Had the film addressed the points that you covered, mentioning the fact the Blackwell’s family had profited from slave labour and providing a wider view of African history, I don’t think it would help Bob seem any more deeply revolutionary. The film was not a “Ali” “Malcolm X” or “Ray” style Hollywood reinactment, it showed pure footage of the legend himself, and interviews with only the most relevant people to his life. Honestly, to me, it was very beautiful and inspiring and I am ever more convinced at what a revolutionary Bob Marley was. I’m not sure what group of people are considered “downpressed masses” in your view, but if the film has even just inspired Western university students, I see nothing wrong with that. Having said all of that, I admire your work and the fact that you have highlighted important issues which can often become ignored. A reply would be appreciated, if you have the time, nothing makes me feel more alive than a little healthy debate. One Love.
sorry to burst yalls bubble.. but that was one of the most idiotic, racist, angry, and contradictory articles ive ever had the displeasure of reading. bob would be turning in his grave indeed. this is not an article about the great man that was robert nesta marley, but a rant aimed at an incompetent whitey director, a rich whitey record producer, black guys who are whiteys really, and a stereotypical narrow minded middle class whitey race that only went to the movie to confirm their ‘stereotypical’ racist whitey views that all black guys have dreads and smoke weed.. the silly whiteys how dare they. you have issues my friend.. goodluck with that.
I agree with most of what you’ve written. That said, I also agree with the poster who questions whether the film would have been better served by a more Afro-centric director. The fact is the black American experience is completely alien to Jamaica. We may(mostly) share the same race but that is where the similarity ends. Bob Marley’s lyrics reflect reality but always with hope. He never doubted his ability, ever. In an interview, Kevin McDonald stated – Jamaicans have the confidence of, and think they are a Super-Power. This is the most accurate description of my island ppl I have ever come across. I don’t think an African-American has the ability to do this yet. Which is perhaps why McDonald was brought in. The physical shackles may be gone but I’m not sure there is a genuine belief of being just as good as. I don’t think I’ve ever come across a black article recently regardless of subject which reflects balance btwn a ruled past & ruling future. PBO & Rice & the Jews are examples. I have a Dream . . .
Firstly, Im gonna keep this short cos ya probably wont post it anyway (again). I saw this movie last week and although a bit short (2 1/2 hours felt like 5 mins) the footage and interviews were first class. Cant wait for the extended blu-ray. I’d recommend it to all. But secondly, this is one of the worst movie reviews ive ever read. You started well, and made a few good points. There’s no way anyone could have totally summed up this Legends life in a movie let alone the situations in Africa/Jamaica. But to play the race card on a movie about bob is ironic to say the least. To say a director/record producer/black man should be discredited because they are white, just shows the mindset of this writer. Bob was a great man, he loved one and all. A true Rasta. I lived in Brixton in the 90’s, Streatham Hill actually. Not one person Ive met who had had the chance to meet bob has ever said anything bad about this guy. If he were alive today do you think he would share your views? I’d bet you my entire reggae/dancehall collection that he wouldnt. Loved the movie. Love the Legend. Hated this review.
See the discussion thread on Bob MArley & Carl Colby (CIA William Colby’s son) here:
http://preview.tinyurl.com/ch2ydvl
What a horrible review. The author obviously has mental health issues. The racial paranoia is overwhelming. It’s like those crazy rednecks that blame every bad thing that happens on Obama. Little girl falls down and skins her knee? Obama. So, this author is equally nuts. Looking hard for anything that can be blamed on race. The author even admits straining to draw such racist connections.
I guess I’m not surprised. The movie shows Rita explaining that Bob’s cancer came from the “white” that was in him.
Nice.
Sounds like some people (above comments) were left out of the credits or have not received a welfare check yet.
On the other hand I really thought this was a great story about a good guy. I had an incredible time watching this movie. I really never knew the roots of reggae until now and very much impressed with those guys coming up from nothing and producing music that the entire world still thirsts for. GREAT FILM
Well done for that wonderful piece on the MARLEY movie. You are 100% right. This film is just to pacify Blacks and hide the real truth about Bob’s life from us. for example, why did they hide the fact that Bob was murdered by the CIA? Why is every film on Bob silent on this one? Bob didn’t get cancer from a wound he sustained while playing football. that’s a lie. It’s time we Black people write our own story and stop relying on some “good old white folks” to do that for us. TOGEHTER WE STAND RASTA.